A large marine ecosystem (LME) governance framework, developed from a need to effectively address the sustainable management of the shared living marine resources of the Caribbean, is proposed. The framework is based on four propositions and focuses on a linked examination of two well-known...

Begging in avian nestlings is a highly conspicuous behavior with important implications for the study of parent--offspring conflict. In some species, nestlings also call for long bouts in the absence of parents, and it has been proposed that this behavior is used by nestlings as a means of...

Secondary sexual characters have been hypothesized to reveal the ability of males to resist debilitating parasites. Although such reliable signaling of parasite resistance may be maintained by parasite--host coevolution, maternal effects potentially provide a previously neglected factor that...

The field of androgen deposition in avian eggs and its consequences for offspring development has received a lot of attention in recent research. However, although variation within clutches in yolk androgens is relatively well understood, the adaptive significance of patterns of variation...

Mothers can influence the phenotype of their offspring by adjusting the quality of their eggs in relation to sex and reproductive value of the progeny. Maternal androgens in the eggs of vertebrates may mediate such adaptive early maternal effects. However, the evolution of early maternal effects...

This paper identifies and quantifies the effects of better transport accessibility on student performance measured by mathematics test scores. A 27 km new subway line and the extension of an existing line in Santiago (Chile) in the mid-2000s reduced the distance between some schools and their...

We analyze the behavior of airlines in terms of route structure choice using a differentiated duopoly model that accounts for congestion externalities, passenger benefits from increased frequency, passenger connecting costs and airline endogenous hub location. We also examine the route structure...

This paper analyzes the efficiency of and the substitutability between three urban congestion management policies: transit subsidization, car congestion pricing, and dedicated bus lanes. The model features user heterogeneity, cross-congestion effects between cars and transit, intertemporal and...

This paper investigates and compares airport pricing policies under various types of competition, considering both per-passenger and per-flight charges at congested airports. We show that an airport requires both pricing instruments to achieve the first-best outcome, and we distinguish their...