From a private investor's point of view transaction costs of project-based Kyoto mechanisms relate mainly to project management and interaction with government representatives. However, when analysing the cost effectiveness of project-based Kyoto mechanisms these transaction costs are often...

Against the background of the recent trend towards ever larger wind turbines at higher hub heights, this contribution determines the total technical potential and associated costs for electricity generation in Europe with large turbines, based on a GIS-based methodology employing cost-potential...

Germany has set itself some very ambitious targets for energy supply from renewable sources, including 80% of electricity by 2050. The favourable economic political framework for renewable technologies has led to the rapid expansion of onshore wind and other renewables in the past years....

An explicit proof of a simple time-step propagation scheme is given in the framework of basic probability theory. It can be used in Monte Carlo simulations solving the Boltzmann transport equation. If the stochastically selected first scattering event occurs before a given time t1, the particle...