Subcontracting can be an important means of overcoming capacity shortages and of workload balancing, especially in make-to-order companies characterized by high variety, high demand variation and a job shop configuration. But there is a lack of simple, yet powerful subcontracting rules suitable...

This paper reviews the literature regarding variations of the kanban system, i.e. the aim is to study only the modified kanban systems. Thirty two different systems were studied and classified according to six categories: the publication year of the paper, the number of original characteristics...