We explore how and to what extent prescription drug insurance expansions affect incentives for pharmaceutical advertising. When insurance expansions make markets more profitable, firms respond by boosting advertising. Theory suggests this effect will be magnified in the least competitive drug...

Evidence of liquidity constraints affecting entrepreneurship includes increasing rates of business formation with increases in household wealth and no relationship between the likelihood of business formation and wealth at high wealth levels. Using longitudinal data from the Health and...

We identify inward investment as an important impetus to outward investment, supplemental to the impetuses depicted in conventional internationalization frameworks. By incorporating both the spillover and competition effects of foreign entrants, we develop an integrated framework of the...

A method is presented for impact evaluation of dams/sluices on their downstream aquatic ecosystems in the absence of detailed long-sequence ecology ecosystem data. It is based on the analysis of relations between indices of water quality and aquatic organisms. It can be applied to a river...

Combustion and emission characteristics of rapeseed plant oil (RSO) and its blends with diesel fuel have been investigated in a multi-cylinder direct injection diesel engine. Plant oils have high viscosities compared to diesel and this affects the performance and durability of automotive diesel...

International comparisons of educational systems are commonly practiced using subjective methods available in literature. The use of subjective methods can lead to non-standard ranking; each individual investigator inputs his or her own subjective judgment when assigning weights to measurements...

Consecutive extreme rainfall events, especially those having unfavourable spatio-temporal patterns, always trigger large floods. This paper aims to examine, through the multivariate hydrological frequency analysis, the probability of the synchronous occurrence of rainfall extremes in the Pearl...