This paper explores the relationship between financial reforms, financial liberalization and the quality of banking regulation and supervision for financial fragility by applying a dynamic two-step system generalized method of moments GMM panel estimator technique. The finding of this study is...

The relative significance of fiscal and monetary policy has been one of the most unsettled issues in economics. Relevant literature shows that the study of the effectiveness of monetary and fiscal policy is equivalent to the study of the relative efficacy of Keynesian economics and monetarism....

The study of financial stability has become the cornerstone of modern macroeconomic policy particularly for developed countries. The recent global financial crisis has underscored the importance of understanding financial instability especially in the context of managing credit risk with...

This study examines the technical, allocative, and economic efficiencies of the cotton-wheat farming system in Punjab, Pakistan. It also investigates the determinants of these efficiencies using a non-parametric data envelopment analysis (DEA) technique. Technical, allocative, and economic...

This study has been conducted to examine and indicate the consumption patterns of Pakistan Television Corporation (PTV) entertainment programs of rural viewers of Karor Lal Eason (Layyah). For this study 200 respondents are selected which equally consist 100 males and 100 females. The findings...

This study models the relationship between budget deficit and trade deficit by using Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) and Dynamic Ordinary Least Square (DOLS) empirical estimation methods. The empirical results indicate that budget deficit leads to trade deficit in the long run, and it will...

The senior author has elsewhere argued [8] that foreign exchange earned by the export of West Pakistan-manufactured goods has a high domestic cost. Much the same contention has been advanced by Hecox [7], Islam [9] and MacEwan [11]. In these papers the relationship between costs and earnings is...