Skilled Migration: A Sign of Europe's Divide or Integration? examines the trends, determinants, and impacts of migration of high-skilled workers within the European Union in the past two decades. High-skilled migration, whether internal or international, is largely a symptom rather than a cause...

The Journey Ahead: Supporting Successful Migration in Europe and Central Asia provides an in-depth analysis of international migration in Europe and Central Asia (ECA) and the implications for policy making. By identifying challenges and opportunities associated with migration in the region, it...

Afghanistan has one of the youngest populations in Asia, creating strong demographic pressure in the labor market. Around 400,000 youth will continue to enter the labor force annually during the next years. Given the significant slowdown the country’s economic activity, the pace at which jobs...

Migration in Afghanistan has been a relevant phenomenon during the last several decades, driven by a complex combination of protracted conflict, food insecurity, natural disasters, and socioeconomic factors. Around 4.8 million Afghan currently live abroad, most of them in neighboring Iran and...

This paper analyzes Afghanistan’s migration phenomenon from a microeconomic perspective. Given the elevated pressures in the labor market, a common tool to sustain livelihoods is migration, affecting 16 percent of Afghan households, both current migrants and returnees. Compared to nonmigrants,...

Migration in Afghanistan has been a relevant phenomenon during the last several decades, driven by a complex combination of protracted conflict, food insecurity, natural disasters, and socioeconomic factors. Around 4.8 million Afghan currently live abroad, most of them in neighboring Iran and...

The policy agenda of extending working lives requires a holistic understanding of factors underlying the decision of older workers to withdraw from work and to retire. This brief paper presents employment patterns and trends of older people across EU Member States and identifies policy...

We study parental choice focusing on the transition between primary and secondary school, taking advantage of the fact that most Chilean students have to switch school at the end of the 8th grade, the last year of primary school. Using a recursive probit model we estimate jointly the probability...

This report studies the Bulgarian labor market with a view to understand the interactions between the performance of the Bulgarian economy and the functioning of its labor market. The report assesses also the position of Bulgaria vis-a-vis compliance with the "acquis communautaire," and provides...

Marriages between blood relatives - also known as consanguineous unions—are widespread in North Africa, Central and West Asia, and South Asia. Researchers have suggested that consanguinity has adverse effects on child development, but assessing its impact is not straightforward, as the...