The geopressured zone, assuming the presence of natural gas and high water productivity, may be used to produce economical electric power only if the water is at least 375 F or a means of conversion more efficient than flashing is found. The design and costing of a double-flash 25-megawatt plant...

Using a new database on standards in China, we estimate the impact of voluntary and mandatory standards – either harmonized to international norms or purely domestic – on Chinese food exports. The dataset covers seven Chinese products over the period 1992–2008. We find that standards have...

We introduce a standards restrictiveness index to analyze the impact that food safety standards have on international exports of agricultural products. Our new measure of standards restrictiveness is created using maximum residue levels of pesticides for 61 importing countries and 66 different...

The book provides information, and guidance for policymakers, the development community, and others in the critical area of "behind the border" barriers to trade. With a view to promoting efforts to strengthen Africa's capacity to meet trade standards, and comply with technical regulations, the...

The authors create a standards restrictiveness index using newly available data on maximum residue levels of pesticides for 61 importing countries. The paper analyzes the impact that food safety standards have on international trade of agricultural products. The findings suggest that more...

We estimate the impact of aggregate indicators of “soft” and “hard” infrastructure on the export performance of developing countries. We derive four new indicators for more than 100 countries over the period 2004–07. Estimates show that trade facilitation reforms do improve the export...

type="main" xml:id="twec12151-abs-0001" <title type="main">Abstract</title> <p>The authors evaluated the impact of foreign aid to five services sectors (transportation, information and communications technologies (ICT), energy, banking/financial services, and business services) on exports of downstream manufacturing sectors...</p>