Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine to what extent and in what forms loan applications from small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in a risk averse banking environment can be assessed defensively by lending officers (LOs). The paper also identifies triggering mechanisms behind...

<Para ID="Par1">This paper addresses the long-standing question of how budgetary participation (BP) affects budgetary outcomes. Information technology for enhanced communication (ITEC) and activity-based costing (ABC) are taken into consideration as moderators that might affect the relationship between BP and...</para>

The article studies inequalities in exposure to crime. The central question examined is that of whether increased differences in living conditions are reflected in an increased inequality in the area of victimisation. The study shows that exposure to violent and theft crimes have followed...

Research has consistently shown that poverty and economic hardship have negative consequences for children. Few studies, however, have examined whether these consequences persists into adulthood. In the present paper we broaden the focus and analyse how living conditions during childhood and...

What does the future look like for those boys and girls who have been registered for crimes during their teenage years? In this paper we look at different groups defined on the basis of their level of involvement in crime during the life-course. We employ a new and rich longitudinal data set,...