Abstract: Ever since the separation of the loan capital from the commercial capital and the industrial capital, the virtual economy has been generated and expanded gradually along with the economic development. The virtual economy is a double-edged sword: on one hand, it promotes the development...

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monetary neutrality exerts essential importance on the making of monetary policy targets, and its effect. This paper, by employing IRF and AIRF, tests the characteristic of monetary neutrality in china, plus fluctuation features as well. The testing results show: monetary stock, whatever defined...

Directional distance function is the generalization of radial model in data envelopment analysis. It has the capacity of dealing with undesirable outputs, but the problem is that it has no unit-invariant measurement of efficiency, which hampers its application to empirical studies. Data...

Directional distance function is the generalization of radial model in data envelopment analysis. It has the capacity of dealing with undesirable outputs, but the problem is that it has no unit-invariant measurement of efficiency, which hampers its application to empirical studies. Data...

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