This paper gives a literature review for the affecting factors of pension reforming,the result indicates that,(1)Efficiency and equity are the two aspects of pension system ,and the aging problem,labor productivity,ma- croeconomic environment,et al. will affect the relationship between...

As is well‐known,“foot‐binding”,regarded as an inefficient institution owing to its great harm to the women’s body and mind, existed and lasted for a very long period in the history of China. Furthermore, we are faced with the general question: why so many inefficient institutions in...

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This article employed a voting model to describe the optimum strategy for later retirement. The results indicated that, later retirement just a emergency measure to pension shortfall. The preference to later retirement was related with the gap between actual age and legal retirement age. The...