Analysis, is employed to measure the energy efficiency, and price index method derived from Iceberg Transport Cost model is …

reliability issues. The article ends with some concluding remarks and recommendations …

We present a framework for understanding the effects of automation and other types of technological changes on labor … allocation of tasks to capital and labor - the task content of production. Automation, which enables capital to replace labor in … a result, automation always reduces the labor share in value added and may reduce labor demand even as it raises …