dirty innovation and production; (ii) optimal policy involves both .carbon taxes. and research subsidies, so that excessive … creates environmental degradation. Research can be directed to improving the technology of machines in either sector. We … the switch to clean innovation under laissez-faire when the two inputs are substitutes. Under reasonable parameter values …

innovation. in the sense that research can be directed to either clean or dirty technologies. If dirty technologies are more … technologies. Carbon taxes and research subsidies may nonetheless encourage production and innovation in clean technologies, though … advanced to start with, the potential transition to clean technology can be di¢ cult both because clean research must climb …

innovation - in the sense that research can be directed to either clean or dirty technologies. If dirty technologies are more … technologies. Carbon taxes and research subsidies may nonetheless encourage production and innovation in clean technologies, though … advanced to start with, the potential transition to clean technology can be difficult both because clean research must climb …

innovation-in the sense that research can be directed to either clean or dirty technologies. If dirty technologies are more … technologies. Carbon taxes and research subsidies may nonetheless encourage production and innovation in clean technologies, though … advanced to start with, the potential transition to clean technology can be difficult both because clean research must climb …

dirty innovation and production; (ii) optimal policy involves both 'carbon taxes' and research subsidies, so that excessive … creates environmental degradation. Research can be directed to improving the technology of machines in either sector. We … the switch to clean innovation under laissez-faire when the two inputs are substitutes. Under reasonable parameter values …

environmental regulations can spur more rapid innovation. I present a general framework for the analysis of these questions. I …

dirty innovation and production; (ii) optimal policy involves both “carbon taxes” and research subsidies, so that excessive … creates environmental degradation. Research can be directed to improving the technology of machines in either sector. We … the switch to clean innovation under laissez-faire when the two inputs are substitutes. Under reasonable parameter values …

reduces carbon emissions by inducing substitution away from coal. Yet, the natural gas boom discourages innovation directed at …

. After linking these ideas to the induced innovation literature of the 1960s and the more recent directed technological … current research areas though they may also yield different answers to important questions. It concludes by highlighting …