Japan's dramatic transformation from economic success to economic stagnation offers important policy lessons to advanced countries everywhere that are struggling with stagnation. The term 'Japanization' is often used by economists to describe long-term stagnation and deflation. Symptoms include...

Using a panel data set of the 28 EU countries from 1970 to 2015, we study the nature of monetary and fiscal policies of both respective authorities and assess how economic and institutional events influence each authority's reaction functions. Our results show that, for the all period under...