The Crepuscular Earth presented here is a guess reference model of the planet in which all mineral resources have been extracted and dispersed and fossil fuels have been burnt. It serves as a realistic limit of resources to assess the Earth’s non-renewable exergy capital.

In any energy system there are unwanted residual output flows that are necessary to obtain final products. These are known as waste, and represent an exergy loss that has an inherent cost that must be “charged” to the useful products of the system. Calculation of production costs including...

Industrial Symbiosis entails the transformation of linear industrial processes into closed loop systems: matter and energy flows that were wastes become resources for other processes (by-products), resulting in a reduction of both natural resources consumption and waste production....

The search for sustainability in energy systems has increased the concern to reduce pollutant emissions and waste. Among the several strategies that help in this task are increased energy efficiency, carbon capture and storage, hybrid renewable-fossil systems, and system integration. All of them...

Thermoeconomics can play a key role in the analysis of eco-industrial parks because it provides a systemic approach and, by using exergy, expresses matter and energy flows in the same physical units. Besides methodologies developed for thermal systems analysis, diagnosis and optimization,...