As the world's second largest carbon emitter, China has long been criticized as a "free-rider" benefiting from other … countries' efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions but not taking responsibility for its own emissions. China has been … contributions of interfuel switching, energy conservation, economic growth and population expansion to China's CO2 emissions during …

emissions in China and India grew dramatically. SR increased by 157% in China and 116% in India. The main driving force of China …

China's unilateral pledge to cut its carbon intensity by 40-45 percent by 2020 relative to its 2005 levels raises both … the stringency issue, and given that China's pledge is in the form of carbon intensity, reliability issues concerning … China's statistics on energy and GDP. Moreover, as long as China's commitments differ in form from those of other major …