We evaluate the impact of the global financial crisis (GFC) and recent structural changes in the patterns of hoarding international reserves (IR). We confirm that the determinants of IR hoarding evolve with developments in the global economy. During the pre-GFC period of 1999-2006, gross saving...

We trace the linkages between fiscal episodes and sustainable development in 72 advanced and emerging and developing economies. The findings suggest that fiscal expansions are positively associated with economic growth, which, in turn, is positively linked with sustainable development. On the...

The paper compares fiscal cyclicality across regions and countries from 1960 to 2016. It finds that more than half of 170 countries analyzed in seven regions had, in more recent years, limited fiscal space, and that their fiscal policy was either cyclical or procyclical. This was particularly...

This paper examines the association between episodes of large fiscal impulses (expansions and adjustments) and sustainable development indicators (prosperity, resilience, and inclusivity).We provide country studies of Chile, Poland, South Africa, and Thailand, examining the components of...