The information that is used to create a numerical response is typically diffuse, and cannot be described by a distribution. A criterion to describe the information is its range of reasonable alternatives, corresponding to the worst case-best case analysis of practitioners in decision situations...

Divide the decisionmaker's future into: (i) a pre-outcome period (lasting from the decision until the outcome of that decision is known), and (ii) a sequel post-outcome period (beginning when the outcome becomes known). Anticipated emotions in both periods may influence the decision, in...

The stock price clustering phenomenon has been studied in the context of numerical perception and response. The numerical response process of the theory of prominence models how persons generate numerical responses if they have diffuse numerical information (know a range of reasonable...