Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs) have grown substantially in recent years. They involve issuing coins that are recorded on a block-chain. These can be used to purchase the service or good that the firm they finance produces. The coins can be exchanged for currency on cryptocurrency exchanges....

The critical role played by financial institutions in the recent financial crises has generated renewed interest on the corporate finance of the banking firm and the impact of the banking sector on the real economy. This paper introduces the special issue of the Review of Financial Studies...