trade. However, he worked as an accountant in his early years and some of his writings take an accounting approach. This … toward the measurement and relevance of trade deficits, his application of the theory of opportunity cost, which was ahead of …

for his writings on free trade and protectionism. Although he has written several classic short treatises, his work has …

Trade finance, particularly in the form of short-term letters of credit has received favourable capital treatment new … created leverage ratio for trade. This paper offers a relatively simple model approach showing the conditions under which the … ratio on trade instruments seems to support the analytical framework developed in this paper …

institutions, regional development banks, export credit agencies, to mobilize sufficient flows of trade finance to off-set some of … the past two years. Given that 80 to 90% of trade transactions involve some form of credit, insurance or guarantee, one … can reasonably say that supply-side driven shortages of trade finance have a potential to inflict further damages to …

Developments in trade finance in 2020 were largely driven by the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Twelve years after … the great financial crisis of 2008-09, the issue of trade finance reemerged as a matter of urgency. While the current … difficulties in accessing trade credit. This is occurring notably in countries – particularly developing countries – in which …