supervisory practices, and there is a roughly equal division between those countries that rely on the central bank as the chief … bank or indirectly through a subsidiary of a bank, rather than through a holding company structure. The notable exceptions … illustrating a way in which empirical examinations of bank performance might be enriched by taking into account differences in …

from the most recent (2011-2012) World Bank survey on banking supervision and regulation. Key observations emerging from …

responsibility; and governance in non-bank financial institutions. Only through this kind of rigorous examination can one hope to …