temporary employment to unemployment, were the main factor behind rising unemployment. Reduced unemployment outflows did not … contribute substantially to the increase in unemployment during the early phase of the crisis. …

' relative position persists: those with the highest unemployment rates in 1996 were also in the worse position in 2012. To … via changes in unemployment, labour market participation, and spatial mobility. Our results provide evidence of asymmetric … adjustment mechanism in expansion, unemployment and spatial mobility become the central ones in recession. We also provide …