I propose a model of production with incomplete financial markets, in which a firm can act as a financial innovator by issuing claims against its stock. In this environment, market value maximization may be against the firm's shareholders' interests. I propose instead a new measure of adjusted...

We show that an intrinsic property of a large class of rational bubbles is their capacity to relax the agents' debt limits. Any bubble that preserves the set of pricing kernels, or equivalently, the asset span, has effectively an identical effect on consumption and real interest rates as an...