This paper investigates the variation in entrepreneurship across cities of the Commonwealth of Independent States … suggest that banking reform facilitates entrepreneurship, whereas the size of the state discourages it. Our results confirm a … U-shaped relationship between per-capita income and entrepreneurship. We also find that cities with higher concentration …

twofold: to bridge the city-level gap in empirical research on entrepreneurship in the Eastern Neighbourhood urban areas; to … focus on urban heterogeneity in entrepreneurship unlike regional level studies which deal both with urban and rural areas … incidence of entrepreneurship is higher in urban agglomerations. To measure entrepreneurship a number of small businesses is …