Many health-care systems allocate funding according to measures of need. The utilisation approach for measuring need rests on the assumptions that use of health care is determined by demand and supply and that need is an important element of demand. By estimating utilisation models which allow...

The need to use multilevel models when analysing hierarchical data—to take account of the correlation in the data when estimating regression coefficients—is widely recognised in health research.1,2 The advantages afforded by multilevel models—including the ability to partition variation to...

Aim/ principal research question:To develop a discrete-event simulation model to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of population screening for H. pylori in England and Wales to prevent both gastric cancer and peptic ulcer disease.Factors of interest:Screening for H. pylori.Methods:A model was...