approach, we find that union density is greatest, ceteris paribus, within establishments in areas of high unemployment …

Unemployment is notoriously difficult to predict. In previous studies, once country fixed effects are added to panel … estimates, few variables predict changes in unemployment rates. Using panel data for 29 European countries - Austria; Belgium … predict changes in the unemployment rate 12 months in advance based on individuals' fears of unemployment, their perceptions …

not the case. Although unemployment is low, the labor market is not 'tight'. On the contrary, we show that what matters …