This paper uses fractional integration and cointegration for the period of January 2000-June 2018 to investigate the … have significant permanent effects. Concerning bivariate results and testing for cointegration, evidence of cointegration … cointegration is found, though in general, in all cases, we observe that the degree of cointegration is very low, implying very long …

In this paper, test procedures for no fractional cointegration against possible breaks in the persistence structure of … Breitung (2006) test statistic for no cointegration over possible breakpoints in the long-run equilibrium. We show that the new …