, innovation. This paper examines conceptually the role of proximity between actors for cooperation activities. Using theories and …

The regional or national innovation performance has been repeatedly measured in the literature; but it has so far not … been discussed what this means, especially in relation to a region. What is the contribution of a region to innovation … output? The usual approaches implicitly assume that higher innovation outputs per inhabitant, employee, or R&D employee can …

substantiates this claim showing that collaborative R&D subsidies impact regions' innovation growth when providing access to related …

It has been repeatedly shown that universities and public research institutes contribute to local innovation generation … empirical examinations are missing. We analyse the impact of universities and public research on regional innovation output … innovation generators or innovation facilitators. All analyses are conducted on German data. …