Austria's EU accession 25 years ago, alongside Finland and Sweden, was preceded by an extended period of convergence toward the EU: via the free trade agreement concluded with the EC in 1973, and the participation in the European Economic Area (EEA) in 1994. Although the COVID-19 crisis in 2020...

Austria has gained economically from all integration steps taken by the European Union over the past 15 years (eastern opening, Austria's accession to the EU and its currency union, EU enlargement). With some of these steps occurring in parallel, its effects have similarly overlapped. Eastern...

Post-war European integration is a succession of regime changes: customs union in the 1960s, Single Market and EMU in the 1990s and EU enlargement in the 2000s. Since 1995 Austria as an EU member takes part in the deepening of EU integration (Single Market, EMU and Monetary Union) and...