<title>Abstract</title> This paper examines the implementation of large, transformative change in the Medicaid offices in New York City to improve efficiency and consumer-friendliness. A bottom-up process was engaged to design and implement the needed changes from those who were most affected by the change....

Many statistical procedures assume that the underlying data-generating process involves Gaussian errors. Among the popular tests for normality, only the Kolmogorov--Smirnov test has a graphical representation. Alternative tests, such as the Shapiro--Wilk test, offer little insight as to how the...