In Ghana there is a highly developed apprenticeship system where young men and women undertake sector-specific private training, which yields skills used primarily in the informal sector.  In this paper we use a 2006 urban based household survey with detailed questions on the background,...

This paper addresses the question as to why we observe such large differentials in earnings in urban African labour markets after controlling for observable human capital.  We first use a three year panel across Ghana and Tanzania and find common patterns for both countries assuming that...