Union (EU) and the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). Hence, we expect development aid to have a positive impact on …

transfer in science and technology to the Africa could help improve their compliance rate to EU standards and ensure increased … investigate if EU fish standards are protectionist following reoccurring rejection of African fish products at the EU border …. Analysis was based on a dataset of Africa's fish exports to the European Union between 2007 and 2012, which contains about 63 …

Africa’s exports of tomatoes to the EU from 2008 to 2013, using the gravity model of trade. Our results show that at both the … to the European Union (EU). As a novelty to the literature, we analyse the impacts of EU pesticide standards on African … protect EU growers of certain fruits and vegetables against international competition. We represent these trade costs in the …