An important class of models for macroscopic dynamic network loading (DNL) and dynamic traffic assignment (DTA) is based on treating link travel times as a function of link occupancy. However, these models suffer from some problems or deficiencies namely (a) the link outflows can violate...

Purpose – This paper seeks to report the results of an empirical study examining the value creation process of e‐business (EB) applications from a supply chain perspective. Design/methodology/approach – A questionnaire was sent to procurement managers located in the German automotive...