. Since the experiments were spread out more than one year, our results suggest that there is a component of distributional …

Departures from self-interest in economic experiments have recently inspired models of ?social preferences?. We design … a range of simple experimental games that test these theories more directly than existing experiments. Our experiments … motivated by reciprocity: They withdraw willingness to sacrifice to achieve a fair outcome when others are themselves unwilling …

responses, however, when the first movers misbehave. As in earlier experiments without preference expression, subjects assign a …. There is suggestive evidence that positive reciprocity is enhanced when a preference for favorable treatment is expressed …