Realized covariance models specify the conditional expectation of a realized covariance matrix as a function of past realized covariance matrices through a GARCH-type structure. We compare the forecasting performance of several such models in terms of economic value, measured through economic...

This paper proposes an Exponential HEAVY (EHEAVY) model. The model specifies the dynamics of returns and realized measures of volatility in an exponential form, which guarantees the positivity of volatility without restrictions on parameters and naturally allows the asymmetric effects. It...