investment, or reducing peak de¬mand absent real-time prices. If reducing energy use is a policy goal, one could use energy taxes …

achieve quantitative goals for reducing energy use by a certain year. EERS policies generally apply to electricity and natural … gas sales and electricity peak demand, though they also cover other energy sources in Europe. Our study aggregates … information about the requirements of existing EERS policies for electricity sales in the United States. We convert quantitative …

trigger supply disruptions; however, the changes may affect electricity prices, the generation mix, and industry revenues …. Coincident with these new rules, expectations about natural gas prices and future electricity demand growth are changing in ways … simulation model of the U.S. electricity market. The findings suggest that recent downward adjustments in natural gas prices and …

electricity generating fleet than most studies have predicted. …

-metropolitan areas over the last decade. It specifically examines electricity, gas, water and sewerage, urban transport, ports, railways …

electric power sector using a cap-and-trade program. This paper assesses the importance of long-term electricity contracts … electricity and a small effect on retail price. States may want to consider contracts on a case-by-case basis when making …

states, are expected to have important effects on the electricity industry and on the market value of firms that own … electricity generation assets. The economics literature finds large efficiency advantages for initial distribution of tradable …

policies to provide revenue for the sale of electricity generated from captured methane gas. Individually, any of these …