Although it is an accepted methodology to exclude financial companies from any comparative financial analysis of a sample of companies when performance is being analyzed, and this exclusion is due to the different financial structure of such organization, it seems to have also become standard...

The relationship between economic or social or political activity and risk is widely recognised at a societal level, a market level and a business level, and equally widely discussed. The relationship between governance and risk at all of these levels is equally widely recognised but much less...

The practice of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has been growing in attention, importance, significance, and acceptance in recent decades. CSR has been included in multiple debates, comments, theories, studies and research around the world. In the last decade, Ibero-America (including...

It is apparent that all forms of organisation have governance requirements and procedures but too often we just consider governance in a corporate environment. Equally it is accepted that the concept of governance is concerned with the relationship between the organisation and all of its...

It is now 20 years since the United Nations conference on environment and development, better known as the earth summit was held in Rio de Janeiro. An important achievement of the conference was an agreement on the climate change convention which in turn led to the Kyoto Protocol. Another was...

Over the past half century, corporate social responsibility has become an important concept in management, marketing and communication literature. In the past twenty years a visible shift has been made into what was written about CSR: a move away from the financial benefits derived from such...