The viability of modern open science norms and practices depend on public disclosure of new knowledge, methods, and materials. However, increasing industry funding of research can restrict the dissemination of results and materials. We show, through a survey sample of 837 German scientists in...

The viability of modern open science norms and practices depend on public disclosure of new knowledge, methods, and materials. However, increasing industry funding of research can restrict the dissemination of results and materials. We show, through a survey sample of 837 German scientists in...

Previous literature provided evidence on financing constraints for investment in R&D activities due to capital market imperfections and special features of R&D investments.Moreover, it has been shown that a shift in capital structure towards more debt, results in a reduction of R&D investments....