is significantly affected by the extent and skill content of immigration and trade shocks. Specifically, imports of low …-skill labor intensive goods generate more right-wing populism while low-skill immigration generates a shift of votes to the right …-skill labor intensive goods, as well as high-skill immigration, tend to reduce the volume of populism. …

-weighted average of populism scores of all parties) measures of the extent of populism. We show that levels of populism in the world … investigate the ”global” determinants of populism, we look at trade and immigration jointly and consider their size as well as …-industrialization and of internet expansion. Low-skill immigration, on the other hand, tends to induce a transfer of votes from left-wing to …

, especially when it comes to the debate on the effects of immigration on the employment and wages of natives in high …-2000, the results show the following: First, immigration had zero to small positive long-run effect on the average wages of …-run effect ranging from zero for the US to ?0.8 percent in the UK. Third, over the period 1990-2000, immigration generally …