This paper analyzes the effects of distance as a common determinant of exports and FDI in a three factors New Trade Theory model assuming that distance affects both pure trade costs and plant set-up costs. Exports and FDI are not necessarily substitutes with respect to distance since the...

This paper focusses on the estimation of error components models in the presence of a correlation of the disturbances across equations and AR(1) of the remainder disturbances for panel data with endogenous unobserved effects. Additionally, the set-up allows for unequally spaced panel data and...

Inter-industry trade and foreign trade are usually not based on cash transactions; rather sales on credit are the rule. The resulting monitoring costs for lenders and the risk of default on accounts receivable form an additional part of transaction costs in trade. Export credit certainly faces...