This paper analyses the effects of Agenda 2000's policy reform on the stocks of outward FDI to the European Union member countries. In a three-factors proximity-concentration New Trade Theory model we indentify the channels of influence on the FDI decision. In the empirical part, we estimate a...

This paper analyzes the effects of distance as a common determinant of exports and FDI in a three factors New Trade Theory model assuming that distance affects both pure trade costs and plant set-up costs. Exports and FDI are not necessarily substitutes with respect to distance since the...

The overwhelming importance of multinational activities as well as the coexistence of exporters and multinationals within the developed countries demand for theoretical models which provide a convincing explanation of simultaneous two-way trade and horizontal multinational activities. We present...