and lowered non-tariff barriers. This has led to trade creation within Europe and to trade diversion between EU countries … heterogeneity across sectors and countries. To avoid the political costs associated with weaker intra-EU ties, Europe should deepen …

The Schengen Agreement has guaranteed unchecked travel across internal EU borders since 1995. Has it also facilitated …

Do the U.S. have a current account surplus or a deficit with the EU? Since 2009, official sources disagree: The U …

percent of the global surplus is a trade surplus that the EU has with itself. In this paper, we show that this EU self … within the Euro Area, and is strongest between neighboring countries. Around the 2004 Eastern Enlargement, the EU self … due to measurement error. Rather, a large fraction of the EU's self-surplus puzzle seems related to fraud in value added …