This paper provides a new paradigm for thinking about performance fees. Closed-form expressions for the value and expected value of the performance fee for a popular generic structure are presented. The expected fee is decomposed into earned and unearned components. Suggestions for reducing the...

A levered investment in the S&P 500, with the leverage chosen to achieve a beta of 1.5, would have outperformed the index itself by 150 basis points annually over the 1928-83 period. Unfortunately, the risk incurred by such a strategy is generally unacceptable to even aggressive investors. There...

A widespread concern in the investment industry is whether commonly used investment management fee arrangements encourage investment managers to act in their clients' interests. The value to managers of a one-period call performance fee is maximized by maximizing performance volatility. This is...

Risk-neutral valuation is used to value a portfolio and decompose it into the components accruing to its stakeholders. The analysis incorporates managers' expected performance and contract renewal issues. A managed portfolio's economic value is shown to differ from its net asset value. A better...

This paper proposes that, and explains why, hedge profits and regression approach hedge ratios should be calculated using cost-of-carry-adjusted price changes. This Modified Regression Method for determining hedge ratios is denoted MRM. The paper discusses the Error-Correction Model for hedge...

This article provides empirical support for the theory that closed-end fund discounts reflect expected investment performance. Evidence is presented to explain how equity closed-end fund initial public offerings (IPOs) can sell at a premium when existing funds sell at a discount and why the...

In contrast to some recent research, this article finds that regression approach futures hedge ratios are stationary. It shows that a previous study's failure to reject the random walk null hypothesis was due to its small sample size and the overlapping hedge ratio calculation approach's bias...

This paper proposes that, and explains why, hedge profits and regression approach hedge ratios should be calculated using cost-of-carry-adjusted price changes. This Modified Regression Method for determining hedge ratios is denoted MRM. The paper discusses the Error-Correction Model for hedge...

There has been considerable finger pointing since the Crash of 1987, much of it devoted to the tail wagging the dog idea. This concept may be typical of many that will influence regulators and exchanges as they decide what new measures to adopt to prevent another Crash. It is wrong, and it...