Income differences arise from many sources. While some kinds of inequality, caused by effort differences, might be … Surveys, to revisit the question of whether inequality is associated with economic growth and, in particular, to examine … whether inequality of opportunity -- driven by circumstances at birth -- has a negative effect on subsequent growth. The …

least three different perspectives. A macroeconomic approach that relies on cross-country data on poverty, inequality, and … approach, in particular, builds on the observation that growth, changes in poverty, and changes in inequality are simply …

Measured by the Gini coefficient, income inequality in Brazil rose from 0.57 in 1981 to 0.63 in 1989, before falling … back to 0.56 in 2004. This latest figure would lower Brazil's world inequality rank from 2nd (in 1989) to 10th (in 2004 … the determinants of Brazil's distributional reversal over this period. The rise in inequality in the 1980s appears to have …

inequality. Although it highlights the importance of inequality reduction, it appears to be too general to be of much use for …