and Public Policy -- provides a critical review of the economic literature on equality and inequality of opportunity. A … principle are presented, and the tensions between them are discussed. Different approaches to the measurement of inequality of …

Despite a recent surge in the number of studies attempting to measure inequality of opportunity in various countries …-ante measures of inequality of economic opportunity (IEO) across 41 countries, and of the Human Opportunity Index (HOI) for 39 … countries. It also examines international correlations between these indices and output per capita, income inequality, and …

Income differences arise from many sources. While some kinds of inequality, caused by effort differences, might be … Surveys, to revisit the question of whether inequality is associated with economic growth and, in particular, to examine … whether inequality of opportunity -- driven by circumstances at birth -- has a negative effect on subsequent growth. The …

Measured by the Gini coefficient, income inequality in Brazil rose from 0.57 in 1981 to 0.63 in 1989, before falling … back to 0.56 in 2004. This latest figure would lower Brazil's world inequality rank from 2nd (in 1989) to 10th (in 2004 … the determinants of Brazil's distributional reversal over this period. The rise in inequality in the 1980s appears to have …

the cross-country literature on income inequality and growth may have been barking up the wrong tree, and that alternative …

differences between functionals of two income distributions (such as inequality or poverty measures) into shares because of … Brazilian income distribution and those of Mexico and the United States, and find that most of Brazil's excess income inequality …

outcome inequality may be attributed to differences in observed"circumstances,"including family background, and what part is … outcome inequality in Brazil, probably more so than in other countries for which information is available. Nevertheless, the … level of inequality after observed circumstances are equalized remains very high in Brazil. …