of the marginal actuarially fair incentives in case of postponed retirement. Social Security then faces a trade …-off between giving enough incentives to make individuals actually delay retirement and giving little increase in pensions in order …. Furthermore, we analyze the interactions between wealth and retirement behavior …

employed. Observed covariates including wages and retirement benefits help to explain these patterns, but unobserved …

We investigate the unemployment pathway to retirement in Germany and study the causal effects of two early retirement … unemployment, and shifted to alternative pathways into retirement. The overall use of the retirement system declined by about 1 … reforms. Reform 1 (NRA) increased normal retirement age stepwise from 60 to 65. Simultaneously, it became possible to use …