Innovation processes are characterized by a pronounced division of labor between actors. Two types of externality may … innovation (MAR externalities). On the other hand, new ideas may be born by the exchange of heterogeneous and complementary …

innovation activities, the extent of these advantages is not very large. We conclude that popular theories over-emphasize the … importance of large cities for innovation activities. …

Popular theories claim that innovation activities should be located in large cities because of more favorable … such theories. We argue that a main force behind the geography of innovation in Germany is the country's federal tradition … and distribution of knowledge sources on innovation activities today. We conclude that historical factors that shape the …

The unification of the East and West German states in 1990 initiated the integration of two distinct innovation systems …, the gap between East and West Germany widened considerably over time. This divergence in innovation activity suggests that … occurred upon reunification. We also find that the similarity of the technology profile of the East and West German innovation …

knowledge of new inventors effect the performance of regional innovation systems (RIS). The results suggest that the knowledge …

and patent productivity of the respective regional innovation systems (RIS). The empirical analysis is for nine German …