manufacturing incumbent establishments. The perceived pressure of competition is stronger the higher the level of entries in the … start-ups across all regions of Germany. The productivity level of an incumbent moderates the extent of the perceived …

, regional, national) might be most effective for strategic innovation policy-making based on smart specialization in Germany … Germany, can be considered separate sub-national innovation systems. These findings strengthen the case for region- and …Employing a quantitative, data-driven tool - the Triple Helix Indicator - to microdata of firms in Germany, we develop …

innovation activity. …

systematic evidence of a deep imprinting effect in the context of Roman rule in the south-western part of Germany nearly 2 …,000 years ago. Our analysis reveals that regions in the former Roman part of Germany show a stronger entrepreneurship and … innovation culture today, evident by higher levels of quantity and quality entrepreneurship and innovation. The data indicate …