Stock pledged loans have become prevalent among large shareholders of listed firms in China. The largest shareholder pledges a greater fraction of her holdings as collateral for credit when the firm is in growth industries, less profitable, not state owned, and has higher leverage. Stock...

In this paper we offer an explanation for the empirical anomaly that most raiders do not acquire the maximum possible toehold prior to announcing a takeover bid. By endogenously modeling the target value following an unsuccessful takeover we demonstrate that a raider may optimally choose to...

Controlling shareholders in China can divert assets from listed firms or coerce firms to serve as guarantors on questionable loans. A new rule was enacted prohibiting diversion for ‘non-operational' purposes, and firms complying with this rule experienced a reduction in related party...