Using representative individual-level data from the first round of the European Social Survey fielded in 2002/03, this paper provides an empirical analysis of unionization in 18 countries of the European Union. We show that union density varies considerably in Europe, ranging from 84 per cent in...

This study investigates the shock-absorbing properties of a banking union. It makes a detailed comparison between the way in which banking unions have absorbed regional financial shock at the federal level in the USA, but have led to severe regional (national) financial dislocation and tensions...