The education reform movement includes efforts to raise teacher quality through stricter certification and licensing … barrier to entry is likely to raise wages in the affected occupation, the theoretical effects of such requirements on teacher … quality are ambiguous. Teacher testing places a floor on whatever skills are measured by the required test, but testing is …

and not for the most deprived. Based on the CLASS instrument we document that quality of teacher-student interactions is …

The education reform movement includes efforts to raise teacher quality through stricter certification and licensing … provisions. Most US states now require public school teachers to pass a standardized test such as the National Teacher … requirements on teacher quality are ambiguous. Teacher testing places a floor on whatever skills are measured by the required test …

and not for the most deprived. Based on the CLASS instrument we document that quality of teacher-student interactions is …